Post positivism in research
Post positivism vs pragmatism
Post positivism in international relations.
Postpositivism
Metatheoretical stance on scientific inquiry
For one of its specific applications, see Postpositivism (international relations).
Postpositivism or postempiricism is a metatheoretical stance that critiques and amends positivism[1] and has impacted theories and practices across philosophy, social sciences, and various models of scientific inquiry.
While positivists emphasize independence between the researcher and the researched person (or object), postpositivists argue that theories, hypotheses, background knowledge and values of the researcher can influence what is observed.[2] Postpositivists pursue objectivity by recognizing the possible effects of biases.[2][3][4] While positivists emphasize quantitative methods, postpositivists consider both quantitative and qualitative methods to be valid approaches.[4]
Philosophy
Epistemology
Postpositivists believe that human knowledge is based not on a